💻 Unit 1 – Part C

1. Explain the different types of operators with a suitable program.

Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. C supports different types of operators, grouped as follows:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Used for mathematical operations.

Operator	Meaning
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 3;
    
    printf("a + b = %d\n", a + b);
    printf("a - b = %d\n", a - b);
    printf("a * b = %d\n", a * b);
    printf("a / b = %d\n", a / b);
    printf("a %% b = %d\n", a % b);
    
    return 0;
}

Output:

a + b = 13
a - b = 7
a * b = 30
a / b = 3
a % b = 1

2. Relational Operators

Used to compare values. They return 1 (true) or 0 (false).

Operator	Meaning
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal to
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<=	Less than or equal to

Example:

int x = 5, y = 10;
printf("%d\n", x > y); // 0 (false)
printf("%d\n", x < y); // 1 (true)

3. Logical Operators

Used for logical conditions.

Operator	Meaning
&&	Logical AND
||	Logical OR
!	Logical NOT

Example:

int a = 5, b = 10;
printf("%d\n", (a > 0 && b > 0)); // 1 (true)
printf("%d\n", (a > 0 || b < 0)); // 1 (true)
printf("%d\n", !(a > 0)); // 0 (false)

4. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values.

Operator	Example	Equivalent
=	a = 10	a = 10
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 5	a = a - 5
*=	a *= 5	a = a * 5
/=	a /= 5	a = a / 5
%=	a %= 5	a = a % 5

5. Increment and Decrement Operators

Used to increment or decrement a value by 1.

Operator	Meaning
++	Increments by 1
--	Decrements by 1

Example:

int a = 5;
printf("%d\n", a++); // 5 (post-increment, a becomes 6)
printf("%d\n", ++a); // 7 (pre-increment, a becomes 7)

6. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

Used as a shorthand for if-else.

Syntax:

condition ? expr1 : expr2;

Example:

int a = 10, b = 20;
int largest = (a > b) ? a : b;
printf("Largest = %d", largest);

Output:

Largest = 20

7. Bitwise Operators

Work at the bit level.

Operator	Meaning
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise XOR
~	Bitwise NOT (Complement)
<<	Left shift
>>	Right shift

Example Program (Demonstrating Multiple Operators)

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 20;

    // Arithmetic
    printf("a + b = %d\n", a + b);

    // Relational
    printf("a > b = %d\n", a > b); // 0 (false)

    // Logical
    printf("(a > 0 && b > 0) = %d\n", (a > 0 && b > 0)); // 1 (true)

    // Assignment
    a += 5; // a is now 15
    printf("a after += 5: %d\n", a);

    // Conditional
    int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // a is 15, b is 20
    printf("Largest = %d\n", max); // max will be 20

    return 0;
}